Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic diseases.  The virus is most commonly transmitted from mother to child during birth and delivery, as well as through contact with blood or other body fluids.  It can be prevented by vaccines that are safe, available, and effective. Eligibility Medicare   Part B   covers the hepatitis B vaccine if you are at medium or high risk for hepatitis B. Medicare considers you at medium or high risk if you: Have  End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Have hemophilia Live in the same household as a hepatitis B  carrier Have unprotected sex with multiple partners or with someone who has hepatitis B Use certain federally prohibited substances Are health care professional in frequent contact with blood or other body fluids during routine work Note: If you are at low risk for hepatitis B, the shot will be covered under  Part D . Hepatitis C Hepa...